Outboard motor tilting carrier



Oct. 23, 1962 R. J. CHAMBERLAIN ETA]. 3,

OUTBOARD MOTOR TIL-TING CARRIER Filed June 17, 1958' 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 md m/ o m. 2 mm m m um b mm m 9 3 I m mm n H 2 an mm .8 r mm 7 f. u mm CuH I MAW Oct. 23, 1962 R. J. CHAMBERLAIN ETA]. 3,

OUTBOARD MOTOR TILTING CARRIER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 17, 1958 IENTORS J. Clz flbergaiw .Dono-fruo AGENT Robert Art/zu A. wla w UnitedStates Patent Conn.

Filed June 17, 1958, Ser. No. 742,541 7 Claims. (Cl. 2141) Thisinvention relates to hand trucks or carriers for outboard marineengines, and more particularly to handoperated carriers intended tofacilitate the transfer of an outboard engine from a vehicle to a boat,and vice versa.

Various type of outboard engine carriers and transfer devices have beenproposed and constructed in the past for the purpose of facilitating thehandling of outboard marine engines. While these prior devices have ingeneral to a greater or lesser extent made easier the task oftransporting and handling outboard engines, there was still required acertain amount of heavy lifting and exertion, and with the advent of thelarger and more power ful outboard engines this became a seriousproblem.

With prior carrier devices it was often necessary to do appreciabledirect lifting of the outboard engine without benefit of anylabor-saving means. Moreover, where the engine was to be placed in alocation on the vehicle which was not readily accessible the task becameincreasingly difficult due not only to the appreciable Weight of theengine and its size and bulk, but also due to the cramped spacedaccommodations of the vehicle body, trunk compartment or the like.

The above disadvantages and drawbacks of prior outboard engine carrierdevices are obviated by the present invention, and one object of theinvention is to provide a novel and improved outboard engine carrierwhich virtually eliminates the necessity for direct lifting of theengine, even when the latter is to be placed on an elevated platform,car body, trunk compartment or the like.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved outboardengine carrier as above set forth, which enables various tilting andswinging operations to be easily carried out in manipulating the enginefrom one position to another desired position.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved outboardengine carrier as above characterized, wherein both horizontal andvertical, pivotal or swinging movement of the engine, as well aselevation of the same, may be easily and conveniently carried out toeffect the desired transfer from one location to another.

An important feature of the invention resides in the provision of anovel and improved outboard engine carrier which is constituted of twoseparate and cooperable conveyance means, shown in the illustratedembodiments of the invention as a hand cart and a dolly, said meanstogether cooperating to effect in a unique manner an easy and convenienthandling and transportation of the engme.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel outboardengine carrier as above defined, which is safe and reliable in itsoperation at all times, thereby reducing to a minimum the likelihood ofinjury to person nel operating the carrier.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved enginecarrier means which is so eifective in the saving of labor that it maybe readily operated by women and children.

ice

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved enginecarrier in accordance with the foregoing, which may be readily utilizedto handle all types of outboard marine motors, both large and small,with the greatest ease and facility.

Another and important object of the invention is to provide an improvedengine handling device of the type outlined, by which an outboard marineengine may be readily and conveniently taken from a position lying onthe ground, transported over the ground to another desired location, andthere easily raised and shifted or placed in an available space in or ona vehicle.

A further feature of the invention resides in the provision of animproved engine carrier which has all of the above advantages and isnevertheless extremely simple in its construction, sturdy, long-lived,and economical to fabricate.

Yet another feature of the invention resides in the provision of anoutboard engine carrier in accordance with the foregoing, which may beeasily and quickly dismantled and stored in a relatively small space.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the drawings accompanying this specification, similar characters ofreference are used to designate like components throughout the severalviews, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a side elevational view of the present improved outboardengine carrier, as provided by the invention.

FIG. 2 is a front elevational view in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the of the carrier shown in FIGS. 1 and2.

FIG. 5 is a perspective exploded view of the dolly portion of the enginecarrier of FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view showing a modified form ofengine mounting support, adaptable for use with the hand cart shown inFIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 7-7 of FIG. 6.

Referring first to FIGS. 1-4, the engine carrier and handling deviceshown therein is seen to comprise two separate carrier structures whichare intended to have a cooperable relationship and to be mounted one onthe other, said structures howeve being completely separable so that onemay be used independently of the other. These two separate structurescomprise a dolly assemblage shown separately in FIG. 5 and indicated bythe numeral 10, and a hand cart assemblage shown separately in FIG. 4and indicated by the numeral 12.

In FIGS. 1 and 2 the hand cart assemblage 12 is illustrated as mountedon the dolly assemblage 10 so as to be carried thereby. Also illustratedin FIG. 1, in broken outlines is an outboard marine engine occupying twodifferent positions; the hand cart portion 12 is additionally shown inthis figure in a broken outline position, corresponding to one of theindicated positions of the outboard engine. Further, in FIG. 1 the handcart portion 12 is illustrated in a third position by another brokenoutline, to illustrate the possible movements which the hand cart mayhave while supported on the dolly 10.

Referring now particularly to FIG. 5, the dolly 10 may be advantageouslyconstituted as a T-shaped frame 13 comprising a stem or center bar .14having at one of the carrier shown hand cart portion 3 end a cross-barwhich is rigidly secured to the center bar.

At its ends the cross bar 15 rotatably carries wheels 16, which arepreferably of the rubber-tired kind having peripheral surfaces ofappreciable area whereby the wheels Will not readily sink into softearth or sand.

The center bar or stem 14 at its free end is provided with a caster 18which may be of any usual type, preferably provided with a relativelylarge wheel 19 and with an antifraction mounting means 20 by which thecaster may easily swing in various directions. Preferably the wheel 19of the caster also has a fairly expansive peripheral surface, to enableit to traverse soft earth and sand without appreciably digging into thesame.

The dolly 10 also comprises an upright post 21 which may be constitutedof two separable parts, an upper part 22 of appreciable length and alower part 23 of much shorter length. A separable rotary connection isprovided between the parts 22 and 23 of the upright 21, and in itssimplest form this separable connection cornprises a sturdy pin or bar25, which may be rigidly carried by the upper part 22 of the post andwhich may slidably fit into and have a bearing in the lower part 23.

To position the parts 22 and 23 axially with respect to each other whenthe upper part is mounted on the lower part, cooperable shoulders areprovided on the said parts, said shoulders being indicated at 27 and 28and constituting the adjoining, abutting ends of the parts 22 and 23.

The upright post 21 may be advantageously formed of heavy steel tubing,or of steel pipe or the like, and similar structural forms may be usedfor the cross-bar 15 and the center bar or stem 14. Also, the members14, 15 and 23 may be rigidly secured together by a suitable weldingprocedure.

Considering now the hand cart construction shown in FIG. 4, this maycomprise a pair of tubular side frame members 30 secured togetherintermediate their ends by a tubular cross-bar 31. The side framemembers 30 have angularly bent upper extremities 32 provided withsuitable handle means 33, as is usual in hand carts.

At their lower extremities the side frame members 30 carry a shaft orspindle 35 which is preferably rigidly secured to the side members. Saidmembers may have their lower ends flattened and apertured to receive theshaft 35, as indicated.

At the ends of the shaft 35 wheels 37 are rotatably mounted, said wheelsbeing preferably of the rubber-tired type and having peripheral surfacesof relatively great area whereby the wheels will not appreciably sink insoft earth or sand as the hand cart is being used to traverse suchterrain.

In accordance with the present invention, on the upper portion of theside members 30 of the hand cart 12 we provide a stout cross-bar 39,which is preferably of rectangular cross-section and which may beadvantageously constituted of wood framing, as for example a length of 2by 4 fir. The cross-bar 39 is adapted to have mounted on it an outboardmarine engine, such engine being indicated in two different positions bybroken outlines in FIG. 1. The marine engine therein is designated bythe numeral 42.

As is well understood in connection with such marine engines, these areusually provided with sturdy mounting brackets having thumb screws orthe like, by which the engines are intended to be supported on a crossmember of appreciable thickness.

As seen in FIG. 4, we provide on the cross bar 39 a pair of end brackets44, which are preferably formed of sheet metal, for the purpose ofsecurely attaching the cross bar or member 39 to the side members 30 ofthe hand cart structure 12. The brackets 44 may be advantageouslyconstructed to have circular or tubular portions 45 adapted to extendaround the tubular members 3%, and such portions may be secured to theside members by means of suitable bolts 46. The tubular portions mayhave several sets of holes, each set being adapted to accommodate a bolt46 whereby the brackets may be positioned either higher or lower on theside members.

The brackets 44 have flat web portions 48, which are preferably ofdouble thickness as shown, and have angularly bent or offset flanges 49,the portions 48 and 49 being adapted to engage the ends and frontadjoining surfaces of the stout cross-bar 39, as shown. Any suitablemeans may be provided for securing the cross bar 39 to the brackets 44,such as screws, through bolts and the like.

In accordance with the present invention the upright post 21 of thedolly structure 10, by means of its rotary connection to the part 23, isadapted to constitute a rotary mounting means for the hand cart 12whereby the latter may be mounted on the dolly and swung to variouspositions about a substantially vertical or upright axis. Also, inaccordance with the present invention, we provide cooperable shouldermeans on the dolly 10 and hand cart 12, constituting a separableconnection by which the hand cart may be readily mounted on and carriedby the dolly and also separated from the latter when this should bedesired for the purpose of handling or transporting the outboard engineattached to the hand cart. The said separable connection comprising theshoulder means may advantageously include the cross bar 31 of the handcart structure 12, as seen in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4. Such separableconnection also comprises a shoulder means attached to the upperextremity of the upright post 21. For such shoulder means we provide ahorizontally extending structural steel member in the form of a lengthof angle iron 52 which is disposed with the flanges thereof extendingupward and outward at an angle. The angle iron 52 is rigidly attached ata point midway of its ends to the upper extremity of the post 21. Suchattachment may for example be advantageously effected by means of asuitable welding procedure.

The horizontally disposed section of angle iron 52 is constituted to actas a nest or support for the cross bar 31 of the hand cart 12. This maybe readily seen from an inspection of FIGS. 1 and 2 wherein the crossmember 31 is shown as resting in the open portion of the angle iron 52.Preferably the length of the angle iron 52 is slightly less than that ofthe cross bar 31, thereby to enable the hand cart 12 to be readilymounted on and removed from the dolly 10.

In conjunction with the said separable connection comprising thecooperable shoulder means, we further provide a connection between thelower portion of the hand cart 12 and the dolly 10. Such connection mayadvantageously involve the spindle or shaft 35, and as seen in FIGS. 2and 4 the center portion of such shaft is provided with an upwardlyoffset portion or bend 54 which is adapted to engage and receive thecenter 'bar or stem 14 of the dolly. We also provide a spring clip 56 onthe center bar 14, for engagement with the bend 54 of the shaft 35 tofrictionally releasably hold the said shaft to the center bar. Sucharrangement may be clearly seen in FIG. 1, for example.

With the above construction it will now be understood that, as indicatedby the arrows shown in FIG. 1, the hand cart 12 while it is mounted onthe dolly 10 may be swung through an arc, about a horizontal axis whichis defined by the horizontal cross bar 31 of the hand cart.

Further construction of the hand cart involves the provision of a footbrake, comprising a pair of levers 58 which are pivotally secured to theside members 30 of the hand cart and also pivoted to each other, saidlevers having side extensions 59 adapted to engage the wheels 37 of thehand cart, to prevent rotation of such wheels. The levers 58 have atoggle action whereby they will be retained in either a releasedposition as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4- or else a braking or lockingposition wherein the portions r 59 engage the wheels 37, as will bereadily understood in the art.

Where it may be desired to mount the outboard engine 42 in a diflerentposition, particularly where such engine is one of the larger sizes, wefurther provide an optionally usable side mounting member 60, FIG. 6,which may be of construction similar to the mounting brace 39, having arectangular cross-section. The side mounting member 60 may be providedwith a pair of strips 62 secured to its upper and lower surfacesadjoining one end, said strips being threaded at their ends and adaptedto extend past opposite top and bottom edges of the cross bar 39 andthrough a clamping plate 64 where, by means of nuts 65 threaded on thestrips 62 the clamping plate may be pulled up tightly against the backof the cross bar 39, thereby to rigidly mount the side support 60 on thecross bar. By this construction an outboard engine may be mounted on andfastened to the side bar 60, where the shape or configuration of theengine lends itself more readily to this type of mounting.

The operation of our improved engine carrier and handling device is asfollows:

Considering that the outboard engine 42 is resting on the ground, thehand cart 12 is removed from the dolly and brought to the engine. Theengine is placed on its side and the hand cart also positioned on itsside, to enable the engine brackets to be engaged with the cross bar 39of the hand cart, and secured thereto. The depending drive shaft andpropeller portion of the engine will then extend somewhat parallel tothe side rails or members 30 of the hand cart, as indicated by onedotted outline shown in FIG. 1.

After the outboard engine has been securely fastened to the hand cart,it is now a simple matter to turn the hand cart from its side, so thatboth wheels 37 thereof rest on the ground, and also the handles 33. Theoperator now grasps the handles 33 and raises the hand cart, thisoperation being facilitated by virtue of the mechanical advantageprovided by the long side members 30, together with the mounting of theengine at points intermediate the tops and bottoms of the side members.With the hand cart 12 in its upright position as just described, thecart may be readily transported from the dock or boat to any desiredpoint, as for example to a vehicle which is waiting.

At this point, the dolly 10 is employed, in order that the engine may bereadily lifted and placed in the vehicle. For this operation the handcart is held in its upright position, and the dolly 10 is brought to therear of the hand cart and tilted by raising the free end of the centerbar 14 in order to position the cross member 52 of the dolly under thecross brace 31 of the hand cart. These parts are thus engaged with eachother while the dolly is still tilted, whereupon the operator places hisfoot upon the center bar 14 and applies downward pressure. Because ofthe advantageous leverage and the ease of applying pressure with thefoot, the dolly 10 may now be righted, thereby lifting the hand cart 12from the ground, together with the outboard engine carried by the handcart. The position of the cart will now be approximately as shown bythat broken outline in FIG. 1 which locates the cart wheels to the leftof the part 22 and the cart handles to the right. The cart is now swungthrough a 180 arc about the axis of the part 22.

After this has been done the approximate position of the hand cart willbe similar to that shown by the broken horizontal outline in FIG. 1,with the dolly 10 now in its upright position. The operator stillgrasping the handles 33 now tilts the cart 12 to the upright position'shown in FIG. 1 in full lines, engaging the shaft 35 with the springclip 56, and may then shift the dolly 10 to a position adjoining thetailboard or trunk or other receptacle of the vehicle. This may beeasily done because of the large wheels 16 on the dolly, together withthe large caster 18 which enables the dolly to be readily all assembledtogether the spring clip 56 which engages the shaft 35 of the hand carthas great utility in stabilizing the mounting of the hand cart on thedolly, as will be readily undersood. The operator now tilts the handcart to a position almost horizontal as shown in broken outlines in FIG.1, together with the corresponding position of the outboard engine 42shown in broken outline.

The assemblage of hand cart and engine may now be swung horizontally,about an upright axis as defined by the upright post 21 of the dolly.Thus, the wheels 37 of the hand cart, being raised appreciably off theground, may now be brought level with the tailboard of the ve hicle orthe floor of the trunk compartment of the like. The hand cart ismaneuvered to completely place the wheels 37 thereof upon the said floorportion of the vehicle, whereupon the operator lifts upward on thehandles 33 thereby raising the hand cart from the dolly 10 anddisengaging the separable connection constituted by the cross bar 31 ofthe hand cart and the cross member 52 of the dolly.

The operator may now wheel the hand cart and engine carried thereby intothe vehicle to the desired position. In most instances, the trunkcompartments of vehicles will be sufliciently large to completelycontain the outboard engine with the hand cart assembled to it. Theoperator may now dismantle the dolly by removing the upper post portion22, as indicated in FIGURE 5, whereupon the two parts of the dolly maybe stored in the vehicle.

-It will be readily appreciated from the foregoing description that theoperator need not at any time employ direct lifting, in positioning theoutboard engine where desired. In all instances the operator is aided bythe mechanical advantage alforded through the medium of the hand trunk12 and the dolly Ill.

The operation of removing the outboard engine from the vehicle andtransporting it to any desired point follows a reverse sequence to thatdescribed above. The dolly is first assembled on the ground, and thenthe hand cart is pulled from the trunk compartment or trunk body andpositioned on the hand cart, whereupon the cart and engine are swunghorizontally clear of the vehicle.

When the hand cart is in the clear with the engine, the dolly 10 may bepermitted to tilt, whereupon the wheels of the hand cart will be broughtto the ground, enabling the dolly to be now completely removed.Thereafter, the hand cart may be wheeled to the desired location andthen placed on one side, and the outboard engine disconnected anddismounted from the hand cart.

It will be readily understood that in accordance with the foregoing wehave provided an extremely simple, yet sturdy and effective means bywhich an outboard engine may be .conveniently handled and transportedeven by a person of limited strength and skill. The construction of thehand cart 12 and dolly 10 involves relatively few components, and theentire carrier may thus be economically fabricated and produced.

Moreover, by virtue of the sturdiness of the parts involved there is nolikelihood of failure which might result in damage or injury to theoperator.

Variations and modifications may be made within the scope of the claims,and portions of the improvements may be used without others.

We claim:

1. A one-man operable outboard engine carrier comprising in combinationa dolly having a horizontal frame and means for supporting said frame onthe ground in a stable horizontal position while permitting travel ofthe frame over the ground; a hand cart having wheels at its lower endand a handle at its upper end, and having support means intermediatesaid ends on which an outboard marine engine may be mounted and to whichit may be secured; means mounting said hand cart on the dolly wholly outof contact with the ground, said means providing for pivotal movement ofthe cart between substantially vertical and horizontal positions about ahorizontal axis located intermediate the upper and lower ends of thehand cart and for swinging movement of the hand cart about a verticalaxis with respect to the said horizontal frame and while said frameremains stationary, said cart having a frame which is disposed whollyabove the horizontal frame of the dolly when the cart is in verticalposition, said means including a separable connection enabling the cartto be wholly removed from the dolly for transportation of the engineover the ground independently of the dolly.

2. A one-man operable outboard engine carrier comprising in combinationa dolly having a horizontal frame and means for supporting said frame onthe ground in a stable horizontal position while permitting travel ofthe frame over the ground; a hand cart having wheels at its lower endand a handle at its upper end, and having support means intermediatesaid ends on which an outboard marine engine may be mounted and to whichit may be secured; means mounting said hand cart in vertical position onthe dolly wholly out of contact with the ground, said means providingfor swinging movement about about a vertical axis, said cart having aframe which is disposed wholly above the horizontal frame of the dollywhen the cart is in vertical position, and said means including aseparable connection enabling the cart to be wholly removed from thedolly for transportation of the engine over the ground independently ofthe dolly.

3. A one-man operable outboard engine carrier comprising in combinationa dolly having a horizontal frame and means for supporting said frame onthe ground in a stable horizontal position while permitting travel ofthe frame over the ground; a hand cart having wheels at its lower endand a handle at its upper end and having support means intermediate saidends on which an outboard marine engine may be mounted and to which itmay be secured; means mounting said hand cart on the dolly wholly out ofcontact with the ground, said means providing for swinging movementbetween horizontal and vertical positions about a horizontal axis andfor swinging movement about a vertical axis with respect to the saidhorizontal frame and while said frame remains stationary, said carthaving a frame which is disposed wholly above the horizontal frame ofthe dolly when the cart is in vertical position, said means including aseparable connection enabling the cart to be wholly removed from thedolly for transportation of the engine over the ground independently ofthe dolly, the said mounting means comprising an upright multi-part postpermanently carried on the dolly, said post having a pair of separabletelescoping sections and said sections having cooperable abuttingshoulders positioning them axially with respect to each other.

4. A one-man operable outboard engine carrier comprising in combinationa dolly having a horizontal frame and means for supporting said frame onthe ground in a stable horizontal position, while permitting travel ofthe frame over the ground; a hand cart having wheels at its lower endand a handle at its upper end and having support means intermediate saidends on which an outboard marine engine may be mounted and to which itmay be secured; means mounting said hand cart on the dolly wholly out ofcontact with the ground, said means providing for pivotal movement ofthe cart between substantially vertical and horizontal positions about ahorizontal axis located intermediate the upper and lower ends of thehand cart and for swinging movement of the hand cart about a verticalaxis with respect to the said horizontal frame and while said frameremains stationary, said cart having a frame which is disposed whollyabove the horizontal frame of the dolly when the cart is in verticalposition, said means including a separable connection enabling the cartto be wholly removed from the dolly for 8 transportation of the engineover the ground, independently of the dolly, the said frame of the dollycomprising a T-shaped structure having a stem and having at one end ofthe stem a cross bar, said dolly including wheels rotatably mounted atthe ends of the cross bar, and including a caster mounted at the freeend of the stem.

5. A one-man operable outboard engine carrier comprising in combinationa dolly having a horizontal frame and means for supporting said frame onthe ground in a stable horizontal position, while permitting travel ofthe frame over the ground; a hand cart having wheels at its lower endand a handle at its upper end and having support means intermediate saidends on which an outboard marine engine may be mounted and to which itmay be secured; means mounting said hand cart on the dolly wholly out ofcontact with the ground, said means providing for pivotal movement ofthe cart between substantially vertical and horizontal positions about ahorizontal axis located intermediate the upper and lower ends of thehand cart and for swinging movement of the hand cart about a verticalaxis with respect to the said horizontal frame and while said frameremains stationary, said cart having a frame which is disposed whollyabove the horizontal frame of the dolly when the cart is in verticalposition, said means including a separable connection enabling the cartto be wholly removed from the dolly for transportation of the engineover the ground independently of the dolly, said mounting meanscomprising an upright post carried by the dolly and having a pair ofrelatively turnable telescoping sections and further comprisingcooperable shoulder means on the hand car and the upper extremity of thepost, the shoulder means on the post being constituted of a channelmember extending horizontally and adapted to nest the shoulder means onthe hand cart.

6. A one-man operable outboard engine carrier comprising in combinationa dolly having a horizontal frame and means for supporting said frame onthe ground in a stable horizontal position, while permitting travel ofthe frame over the ground; a hand cart having wheels at its lower endand a handle at its upper end and having support means intermediate saidends on which an outboard marine engine may be mounted and to which itmay be secured; means mounting said hand cart on the dolly wholly out ofcontact with the ground, said means providing for pivotal movement ofthe cart between substantially vertical and horizontal positions about ahorizontal axis located intermediate the upper and lower ends of thehand cart and for swinging movement of the hand cart about a verticalaxis with respect to the said horizontal frame and while said frameremains stationary, said cart having a frame which is disposed whollyabove the horizontal frame of the dolly when the cart is in verticalposition, said means including a separable connection enabling the cartto be wholly removed from the dolly for transportation of the engineover the ground independently of the dolly; and means on the said dollyand lower portion of the hand cart, for releasably holding the saidlower portion in a predetermined operative position of the dolly.

7. A one-man operable outboard engine carrier comprising in combinationa dolly having a horizontal frame and means for supporting said frame onthe ground in a stable horizontal position, while permitting travel ofthe frame over the ground; a hand cart having wheels at its lower endand a handle at its upper end and having support means intermediate saidends on which an outboard marine engine may be mounted and to which itmay be secured; means mounting said hand cart on the dolly wholly out ofcontact with the ground, said means providing for pivotal movement ofthe cart between substantially vertical and horizontal positions about ahorizontal axis located intermediate the upper and lower ends of thehand cart and for swinging movement of the hand cart about a verticalaxis with respect to the said horizontal frame and while said frameremains stationary, said cart having a frame which is disposed whollyabove the horizontal frame of the dolly when the cart is in verticalposition, said means including a separable connection enabling the cartto be wholly removed from the dolly for transportation of the engineover the ground independently of the dolly, said frame of the dollyhaving a T-shaped structure comprising a stem and a cross bar secured toone end of the stern and having wheels rotatably mounted on the ends ofthe cross bar, said cross bar having a width greater than the width ofthe hand cart and said stern having a length at least as great as thelength of said cross bar.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS WalshDec. 29, 1908 Fessenden Oct. 27, 1914 Gould Aug. 10, 1920 Armstrong Aug.31, 1926 Skipper June 14, 1949 Houk Oct. 11, 1949 Kelly Dec. 22, 1953Powell Oct. 18, 1955 FOREIGN PATENTS Great Britain s Sept. 6, 1934

